Diagenesis and porosity evolution of high-temperature and overpressure sandstone reservoirs in submarine fans of the west area of the Qiongdongnan Basin
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摘要:
南海北部琼东南盆地西区乐东–陵水凹陷梅山组海底扇是当前天然气勘探的重点领域，且普遍具有高温超压的背景。通过薄片鉴定、图像分析、包裹体分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜及物性测试等技术方法，结合埋藏–热演化史和油气成藏史，对琼东南盆地西区乐东–陵水凹陷梅山组海底扇储层成岩作用与孔隙演化进行研究。结果表明：海底扇储层整体以低—中孔、低—特低渗为特征，主体处于中成岩A期；成岩–成藏演化序列为早期黏土矿物→第一期烃类充注→长石微溶→第二期烃类充注→石英次生加大并且长石溶解→铁方解石、白云石胶结→硅质溶解→第三期烃类充注及CO2充注→碳酸盐胶结物微溶；孔隙演化为“先超压、后成藏、再致密化”模式，表现出“压实明显减孔，胶结减孔，超压保孔、溶蚀适量增孔”的特点。
Abstract:Submarine fans in the west area of the Qiongdongnan Basin, located on the continental shelf in the northern of the South China Sea, are the main area for gas exploration. These submarine fans are commonly characterized by high-temperature and overpressure diagenetic environments. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to evaluate diagenesis and porosity evolution of submarine fan reservoirs in the Meishan Formation of the Ledong-Lingshui Sag in the west area of the Qiongdongnan Basin. The analysis incorporates thin-section identification, image analysis, fluid inclusion analysis, clay X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and physical property test, with comprehensive consideration of the burial-thermal and hydrocarbon charging history of the reservoirs. The results show that the submarine fan reservoirs are in the A-mesodiagenesis stage, with reservoirs exhibiting low to moderate porosity and low to extra-low permeability. The diagenetic and accumulation sequence progresses as follows: early clay mineral precipitation → first phase of accumulation → feldspar micro-dissolution → second phase of accumulation → quartz overgrowth and intense feldspar dissolution → ferrocalcite and dolomite cementation → quartz and quartz overgrowth dissolution → third phase of accumulation and CO2 charging → micro-dissolution of carbonate cements. The porosity evolution model follows a "first overpressure, later accumulation, and then compaction" pattern, characterized by "significant porosity reduction due to compaction; porosity reduction from ferrocalcite cementation; porosity conservation under overpressure conditions; moderate porosity increase due to dissolution".
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表 1 乐东–陵水凹陷梅山组储集岩统计表
Table 1. Statistics of reservoir rocks in Meishan Formation, Ledong-Lingshui Sag
层位 井名 深度/m 泥岩 粉砂岩 细砂岩 中砂岩 砂砾岩 总厚度/m 厚度/m 百分比/% 厚度/m 百分比/% 厚度/m 百分比/% 厚度/m 百分比/% 厚度/m 百分比/% 梅
山
组SW-1 3409 ～3888 212 49.2 186 43.2 33 7.7 / / / / 431 S-1 3302 ～3640 255.46 75.6 82.54 24.4 / / / / / / 338 S-2 3349 ～3812 382.06 82.5 80.94 17.5 / / / / / / 463 SW-2 3475 ～3941 211 45.3 255 54.7 / / / / / / 466 B-2 4817 ～5282 95 31.6 9 3.0 157 52.2 19.5 6.5 20 6.7 300.5 C-1 3800 ～4053 114 45.1 68.0 26.9 57.0 22.5 14.0 5.5 / / 253 WS-1 4322 ～4448 50 39.7 23.0 18.3 53.0 42.1 / / / / 126 
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