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摘要:
深海富稀土底泥是一种具有潜在经济价值的稀土资源,然而,该类型资源的稀土赋存状态仍不十分明确。本文对西太平洋某地深海底泥开展了系统的矿物学研究,研究表明,稀土在深海底泥中主要的赋存矿物为磷酸盐矿物,包括磷灰石、独居石和磷钇矿等。但海底沉积物组成矿物粒度细小,加之磷酸盐类矿物本身粒度细小,导致其选矿分选的难度较大。因此,建议采用合理的方式将深海底泥中的组成矿物形成团聚,在原组成物的基础上长大呈粒,这也许是未来海底矿产资源利用的一个方向。
Abstract:Deep sea mud is a new type of rare earth elements resources with potential economical significance. However, the occurrence of Rare Earth Elements is contradictory. Through systematic study on mineralogy of the deep-sea mud from the Western Pacific Ocean, we determine that the main REE mineral is phosphate mineral, including apatite, monazite and xenotime. But the grain size of the deep-sea mud and the phosphate mineral are fine, and this result in the difficulty of ore concentration. Therefore, we suggest that utilizing some proper methods to form the agglomeration of the deep-sea mud, and this method is potential direction for future Utilization of submarine mineral resources.
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Key words:
- Deep-Sea Mud /
- Rare Earth Elements /
- Occurrence /
- Western Pacific Ocean
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表 1 西太平洋深海底泥样品的光谱分析结果/%
Table 1. Spectral analysis of the deep-sea mud from the Western Pacific Ocean
Na2O MgO Al2O3 SiO2 P2O5 S K2O CaO Ti Mn Fe 4.52 3.41 15.72 49.039 0.66 0.16 2.72 2.09 0.53 0.67 6.31 Co Ni Cu Zn Sr Zr Ba Nd Pb Th F 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.12 0.01 0.01 0.002 0.07 表 2 西太平洋深海底泥样品的稀土分量分析结果/10-6
Table 2. REE concentration of the deep-sea mud from the Western Pacific Ocean
CeO2 Y2O3 La2O3 Nd2O3 Sm2O3 Pr6O11 Gd2O3 Tb4O7 150 112 83 45.4 20.2 17.4 13.8 <10 Dy2O3 Eu2O3 Ho2O3 Er2O3 Tm2O3 Yb2O3 Lu2O3 / <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 / 表 3 西太平洋深海底泥样品的粒级组成
Table 3. Grain size of the deep-sea mud from the Western Pacific Ocean
粒级/mm 产率/% REO/% +0.15 4.96 0.0305 -0.15+0.074 2.21 0.0635 -0.074+0.045 1.77 0.071 -0.045+0.030 2.98 0.045 -0.030 88.08 0.03 表 4 不同分选样稀土含量测定值
Table 4. REE content of differently beneficiation ore samples
样品 REO/% 0.045~0.074 mm淘重 0.071 0.045~0.074 mm淘轻 0.037 浮选磷精矿 0.13 -5 μm 0.027 -2 μm 0.026 -10 μm 0.026 10~30 μm 0.031 表 5 西太平洋深海底泥样品的铵浸出实验
Table 5. Ammonium salt leaching test of the deep-sea mud from the Western Pacific Ocean
浸出前REO /% 浸出后REO /% P2O5 /% -10 μm 0.029 0.032 0.35 -5 μm 0.027 0.027 0.36 -2 μm 0.026 0.029 0.31 0.038~0.074 mm 0.037 0.037 0.72 0.038~0.074 mm 0.071 0.072 3.49 浮选磷精矿 0.13 0.13 4.22 表 6 西太平洋深海底泥样品的酸浸出实验
Table 6. Acid leaching test of the deep-sea mud from the Western Pacific Ocean
浸出前REO /% 浸出后REO /% 浸出前P2O5 /% 浸出后P2O5 /% 选矿磷精矿淘轻 0.13 0.0099 4.22 0.33 10~30μm 0.031 0.0054 0.41 0.0082 入选样淘轻2 0.037 0.0041 0.72 0.003 入选样淘重 0.072 0.0043 3.48 0.022 -10μm 0.029 0.007 0.35 0.016 -5μm 0.027 0.0045 0.36 0.02 -
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