Study on Harmless Treatment of Cyanide Tailings in Xiadian Gold Mine
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摘要:
针对夏家店金矿含氰尾矿特点，开展了过氧化氢氧化法、过碳酸钠（固体双氧水）氧化法破氰效果实验研究，旨在使破氰尾矿满足 HJ 943-2018《黄金行业氰渣污染控制技术规范》回填利用要求。结果表明，过碳酸钠（固体双氧水）氧化法破氰效果不如过氧化氢，而将含氰尾矿浆pH值调节至9，不添加催化剂CuSO4的条件下采用2 g/L过氧化氢破氰1 h，尾渣总氰含量可降低至0.9 mg/kg以下，尾渣浸出毒性指标满足规范回填利用要求。
Abstract:According to the characteristics of cyanine tailings in Xiajiadian gold ore, hydrogen peroxide oxidation method and sodium percarbonate (solid hydrogen peroxide solution) oxidation method were carried out to test and study the effect of cyanogen-breaking tailings, aiming to make the cyanogen-breaking tailings meet the backfilling and utilization requirements of HJ 943-2018 《Technical Specification for The Control of Cyanide Residue pollution in the Gold Industry》. The results showed that the cyanide breaking effect of sodium percarbonate (solid hydrogen peroxide) oxidation method was not as good as that of hydrogen peroxide, but the pH value of cyanogen-containing tailings slurry was adjusted to 9, and 2 g/L hydrogen peroxide was used to break the cyanide for 1 h without adding the catalyst CuSO4. The total cyanide content of tailings could be reduced to less than 0.9 mg/kg, and the leaching toxicity index of tailings could meet the requirements of standard backfill utilization.
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表 1 过滤尾渣毒性浸出实验结果/(mg·L-1)
Table 1. Toxic leaching test results of filter tailings
名称 氰化物（CN-） 铜 锌 镉 铅 汞 砷 铬 六价铬 测试值 0.48 0.54 ＜0.0018 ＜0.0005 ＜0.0006 ＜0.00004 0.072 0.0022 ＜0.004 限值 5 100 100 1 5 0.1 5 15 5 标准 0.01* 2.0 5.0 0.1 1.0 0.05 0.5 1.5 0.5 注：限值：GB 5085.3-2007《危险废物鉴别标准》；标准： GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》；*：GB/T 14848-2017《地下水环境质量标准》II类标准 
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表 2 双氧水氧化法破氰综合条件验证实验结果
Table 2. Test results of verification test of comprehensive conditions for cyanide breaking by hydrogen peroxide oxidation
编号 破氰渣总氰含量/
（mg·kg-1）总氰化物去除率/
%浸出毒性氰化物/
（mg·L-1）1 0.89 91.10 / 2 0.88 91.20 / 3 0.91 90.90 0.0060
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表 3 双氧水氧化法破氰综合条件浸出毒性鉴别实验结果/（mg·L-1）
Table 3. Test results of leaching toxicity identification under comprehensive conditions of cyanide breaking by hydrogen peroxide oxidation
名称 氰化（CN-） 铜 锌 镉 铅 汞 砷 铬 六价铬 测试值 0.0060 ＜0.005 0.00099 0.00022 0.000061 ＜0.00004 0.084 0.0018 ＜0.004 限值 5 100 100 1 5 0.1 5 15 5 标准 0.01* 2.0 5.0 0.1 1.0 0.05 0.5 1.5 0.5 注：限值：GB 5085.3-2007《危险废物鉴别标准》；标准： GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》；*：GB/T 14848-2017《地下水环境质量标准》Ⅱ类标准。
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