澳大利亚锆矿产业发展及其产业政策分析

刘劲松; 高丽丽

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2023.02.020

澳大利亚锆矿产业发展及其产业政策分析

刘劲松^1,,
高丽丽^2, ,

1.
江西财经大学工商管理学院，江西　南昌　330013

2.
江西财经大学产业经济研究院，江西　南昌　330013

基金项目: 国家社科基金重大项目“中国战略性三稀矿产资源供给风险治理机制研究”（19ZDA111）

详细信息

作者简介: 刘劲松（1966—），男，教授，硕士生导师，主要研究方向为产业组织与矿业安全

通讯作者: 高丽丽（1996—），女，院硕士研究生，主要方向为矿业经济与矿业安全

中图分类号: TD981

收稿日期: 2021-03-03

刊出日期: 2023-04-25

Zirconium Industry Development and Industrial Policy Analysis in Australia

Liu Jinsong^1,,
Gao Lili^2, ,

1.
School of Business Administration, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China

2.
Institute of Industrial Economics, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Gao Lili, .1508475645@qq.com

Received Date: 03 March 2021

Publish Date: 25 April 2023

摘要

摘要:
锆是一种重要的稀有金属，广泛应用于各种工业领域。澳大利亚是全球锆资源的主要生产国。本文分析了澳大利亚锆矿产业发展形势及未来发展趋势，进而分析了澳大利亚锆矿产业政策。分析发现，澳大利亚拥有全球最大的锆矿石生产企业以及先进的工艺技术，锆矿产业发展形势较好，其对国际锆矿市场具有较大的影响力。此外，澳大利亚非常注重制定和实施锆矿产业政策。这些政策主要包括锆矿产业勘查政策、投资政策以及可持续发展政策，这些产业政策在提高澳大利亚锆矿产业的国际竞争优势方面发挥了较大的作用。最后，文章在启示分析的基础上提出了三个方面促进我国锆矿产业发展的相应对策建议，即大力推进锆资源储量调查，努力提高选冶技术研究；加强海外战略性矿产布局，加快矿业“走出去”步伐；打造锆矿产业全产业链，促进我国锆矿产业健康发展等等。
- 澳大利亚 /
- 锆矿产业 /
- 产业政策
Abstract:
Zirconium is an important rare metal and is widely used in various industrial fields. Australia is the main producer of zirconium resources in the world. This article analyzes the development situation and future development trend of Australia's zirconium industry, and then analyzes the Australian zirconium industry policy. The analysis found that Australia has the world's largest zirconium production enterprise and advanced technology, and the development of the zirconium industry is in a good situation, which has a greater influence on the international zirconium market. In addition, Australia attaches great importance to the formulation and implementation of zirconium industry policies. These policies mainly include the zirconium industry exploration policy, investment policy and sustainable development policy. These industrial policies have played a greater role in improving the international competitive advantage of Australia's zirconium industry. Finally, on the basis of enlightenment analysis, the article puts forward three corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to promote the development of China's zirconium industry, namely, vigorously promote the investigation of zirconium resources and reserves, strive to improve the research of processing technology; strengthen the layout of overseas strategic minerals, and speed up the mining "going out" pace; build a full industrial chain of zirconium industry, promote the healthy development of China's zirconium industry, and so on.
- Australia /
- Zirconium industry /
- Industrial policies

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图 1 1994-2019年全球及澳大利亚锆矿石产量

Figure 1.

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图 2 澳大利亚锆产业链

Figure 2.

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表 1 澳大利亚锆矿石产量供应预测/万t

Table 1. Zirconium production and supply forecastin Australia

年份	2017	2018	2019	2020*	2025*	2030*	2035*
产量供应预测	50.5	56	47	31~48	58.5~62.2	78.2~83.2	99.8~106.2
数据来源：U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2019~2021。注：*为预测数据。

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表 2 Iluka矿山项目锆矿石产量及变化/万t ^[8]

Table 2. Zirconium output and changes of Iluka mine projects

矿山项目	矿山	国家	2018年	2019年	2020年
Jacinth-Ambrosia/Mid West	尤克拉盆地	澳大利亚	31.19	26.02	11.49
Cataby/South West	西澳大利亚	澳大利亚	1.59	5.35	5.88
Sierra Rutile	山姆比哈姆	塞拉利昂	1.14	0.85	0.66
Idle operations^①	佛罗里达州、弗吉尼亚、默里盆地	美国、澳大利亚	0.93	—	0.49
注①：闲置业务反映了Iluka在美国佛罗里达州（Florida）和弗吉尼亚（Virginia）的恢复义务以及澳大利亚默累盆地（Murray Basin）的某些闲置资产。在美国康科德（Concord）矿床和Brink 矿床完成开采之后，Iluka 在美国的锆矿和钛铁矿业务于2016 年12 月永久关闭。2018 年闲置业务的锆矿石产量代表了Iluka 对弗吉尼亚（Virginia）Brink 矿床未开采的剩余库存的加工，目的是减少未来的恢复义务。

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表 3 锆产业最新发展趋势

Table 3. Latest development trend of zirconium industry in Australian

	分类发展趋势
企业	企业项目根据不同生产环节细化，具有大量的小生产者
技术	具有世界领先的采矿设备、先进的勘探技术，如定向钻探技术
技术	研发先进的加工设备和服务
产品	产品向多元化、高精度、高性能等方面发展
产品	行业持续关注高端、高性能产品的设计与制造

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