Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soils from a Mining Area in Southern Jiangxi
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摘要:
这是一篇矿山环境工程领域的论文。对赣南某矿区40个土壤样品的重金属含量进行了测定，结果显示，Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、As和Hg含量的平均值均低于江西省土壤重金属背景值，而Pb含量高于背景值。相关性分析结果表明，研究区内土壤重金属Cu和Cr、Ni、Cd，Zn和Cd，Ni和Cr、Cd，Hg和As呈现显著正相关，说明其可能具有较高的同源性或复合关系。分别利用单因子污染指数法、Nemerow综合污染指数法、污染负荷指数法和潜在生态风险分析法对研究区内土壤污染程度进行了评价和风险评估。单因子污染指数法评价结果表明，单一元素污染程度由高到低依次是Pb>Cd>Zn，但总体污染程度较低；Nemerow综合污染指数指出重金属重度污染的样本点主要集中在矿区和河流中下游地区；土壤样本重金属污染系数均值从高到低依次是Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni和As，整个研究区内土壤污染负荷指数适中，污染水平中等；重金属Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni和As的潜在生态风险评价属于轻微生态风险，而Cd、Hg、Pb在研究区土壤生态环境中的贡献率较高。综合四种方法可知，整个研究区土壤重金属的综合潜在生态风险处于轻微-中等生态风险危害水平，土壤环境质量总体良好。
Abstract:This is a paper in the field of mining environmental engineering. Contents of heavy metals in 40 soil samples from a mining area in the Southern Jiangxi Province were determined. Results suggest that average contents of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd and Hg were all lower than the background values of soil heavy metals in the Jiangxi Province, while the content of Pb was higher than the background value. The significant positive correlations between Cu, Cr, Ni, and Cd, and Zn and Cd, and Ni, Cr, Cd, As, and Hg indicated that these heavy metals may have homologous or concomitant sources. The single pollution index method, Nemerow index method, pollution load index method, and potential ecological risk index method were used to evaluate the pollution degree of soil by heavy metals in study area. Results of the single pollution index method showed that the single element pollution degree decreased following the sequence of Pb > Cd > Zn, while the overall pollution degree was low. The Nemerow index method revealed that soils being heavily polluted by heavy metals were mainly distributed in the mining area and middle reaches of river. The mean value of heavy metal pollution coefficient calculated from the pollution load index method decreased following the sequence of Pb > Cd > Zn > Cr > Cu > Hg > Ni. The soil pollution load index was moderate. The potential ecological risk assessment revealed mild ecological risk in relevant of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Ni, while much higher ecological risk was observed regarding Cd and Hg. In combination of the four pollution evaluation methods, soils from the study area were at the mild to moderate ecological risk in relevant of the eight heavy metals, indicating relatively good soil quality in the study area.
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表 1 单因子污染指数评价分级标准
Table 1. Classification standards for Single Factor Pollution Index evaluation
等级 区间范围 污染等级 1 Pi≤1 安全 2 1＜Pi≤2 轻微污染 3 2＜Pi≤3 中度污染 4 3＜Pi 重度污染 
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表 2 Nemerow综合污染指数评价分级标准
Table 2. Classification standards for Nemerow comprehensive pollution index evaluation
等级 区间范围 污染等级 1 PN＜0.7 安全 2 0.7＜PN＜1.0 警戒线 3 1.0＜PN＜2.0 轻微污染 4 2.0＜PN＜3.0 中度污染 5 3.0＜PN 重度污染
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表 3 污染负荷指数评价分级标准
Table 3. Classification standards for pollution load index evaluation
等级 区间范围 污染等级 1 PN＜1 无污染 2 1≤PN＜2 中度污染 3 2≤PN＜3 强污染 4 3≤PN＜3.0 极强污染
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表 4 潜在生态风险指数评价分级标准
Table 4. Classification standards for potential ecological risk index evaluation
潜在生态风险 区间范围 潜在风险程度 
＜40轻微 40≤ 
＜80中度 80≤ 
＜160强 160≤ 
＜320很强 320≤ 
极强 RI RI＜150 轻微 150≤RI＜300 中度 300≤RI＜600 强 600≤RI 很强
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表 5 研究区土壤重金属含量分布值与背景值（n=40）/（mg·kg-1）
Table 5. Distribution parameters and background values of soil heavy metals in the study area
元素 含量范围 中值 均值 标准差 江西省
背景值筛选值 超标
件数超标
率/%Cu 1.24~34.5 8.11 12 10.5 20.8 150 10 25.0 Pb 41.7~296 102 106 50.1 32.1 70 31 77.5 Zn 31.9~137 60.2 67.6 25.8 69 200 16 40.0 Cr 8.39~209 20.3 28.4 33.5 48 150 5 12.5 Ni 1.04~27 7.69 8.44 6.68 19 60 3 7.20 Cd 0.02~0.65 0.09 0.13 0.13 0.1 0.3 15 37.5 As 1.11~7.17 2.64 3.14 1.56 10.4 40 0 0 Hg 0.0092~0.12 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.09 1.3 6 15.0
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表 6 单因子污染指数评价结果（n = 40）
Table 6. Results of single factor pollution index evaluation
元素 污染指数 污染等级/% 最小值 最大值 平均值 安全 轻微污染 中等污染 重度污染 Cu 0.06 1.66 0.58 75 25 0 0 Pb 1.30 9.22 3.29 0 22.5 0 55 Zn 0.46 1.98 0.98 60 40 0 0 Cr 0.17 4.35 0.59 87.5 10 0 2.50 Ni 0.05 1.42 0.44 92.5 7.50 0 0 Cd 0.20 6.50 1.29 60 27.5 0 10 As 0.11 0.69 0.30 100 0 0 0 Hg 0.11 1.45 0.55 85 15 0 0
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表 7 Nemerow综合污染指数评价结果
Table 7. Results of Nemerow comprehensive pollution index evaluation
污染程度 安全 警戒线 轻微污染 中等污染 重度污染 污染指数PN <0.7 0.7~1.0 1.2~2.0 2.0~3.0 >3.0 样本数 0 0 7 9 24 百分比/% 0 0 17.5 22.5 60
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表 8 污染负荷指数评价结果
Table 8. Results of pollution load index evaluation
污染程度 无污染 中等污染 强污染 极强污染 污染指数P <1 1~2 2~3 ≥3 样本数 34 6 0 0 百分比/% 85 15 0 0
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表 9
$ {{E}}_{{r}}^{{i}} $ 、RI统计值及潜在生态风险评价结果Table 9. Results of
$ {{E}}_{{r}}^{{i}} $ 、RI values and potential ecological risk index evaluation元素 潜在风险系数 
污染等级/% 最小值 最大值 平均值 轻微 中等 强 很强 极强 Cu 0.30 8.29 2.89 100 0 0 0 0 Pb 6.50 46.1 16.5 97.5 2.5 0 0 0 Zn 0.46 1.98 0.98 100 0 0 0 0 Cr 0.35 8.70 1.18 100 0 0 0 0 Ni 0.27 7.11 2.22 100 0 0 0 0 Cd 6.00 195 38.7 72.5 17.5 7.50 2.50 0 As 1.07 6.89 3.02 100 0 0 0 0 Hg 4.38 58.1 22.1 85.0 15.0 0 0 0 综合潜在风险
系数RI30.2 237 87.5 85.0 15.0 0 0 0
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