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摘要:
这是一篇矿物加工工程领域的论文。西藏某高海拔矿区铜多金属矿氧化率较高，矿石性质复杂，为充分、高效、综合利用矿产资源，本文结合理论和实践经验，通过对矿石的原矿矿物性质和特征进行分析研究，最终确定了以JM-1硫化剂、ZJ-1捕收剂、铜铅锌“先硫后氧”混合浮选为关键技术的浮选工艺。在原矿铜氧化率为38.58%的条件下，实验经两次粗选、三次精选、两次扫选工艺流程，取得混合精矿铅+锌品位之和为41.17%，铜铅锌金属回收率分别为58.74%、80.71%、70.82%的良好指标，极大提高了选矿的利用效果和技术水平，也为后期在选矿技术方法方面的改进和创新提供了技术支撑和有利依据。
Abstract:This is an article in the field of mineral processing engineering. The opper polymetallic ore in a high-altitude mining area in Xizang has a high oxidation rate and complex ore properties. In order to make full, efficient and comprehensive use of mineral resources, this article analyzes and studies the mineral properties and characteristics of the raw ore based on theory and practical experience. Finally, the flotation process with JM-1 sulfide agent, ZJ-1 collector, copper, lead and zinc mixed flotation of "sulfur before oxygen" as the key technology is determined. At the condition that the copper oxidation rate of the raw ore is 38.58%, the mixed concentrate grade sum of lead and zinc is 41.17%, and the recovery of copper, lead and zinc is 58.74%, 80.71% and 70.82%, respectively, after two roughing, three cleaning and two scavenging processes, which greatly improves the utilization effect and technical level of dressing. It also provides technical support and favorable basis for the improvement and innovation of mineral processing technology in the later stage.
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表 1 矿样主要金属元素化学分析结果/%
Table 1. Chemical analysis results of main metallic elements
Cu Pb Zn Au* Ag* 1.27 2.25 1.14 0.28 57.80 *单位为g/t 
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表 2 石灰、碳酸钠不同比例用量实验结果
Table 2. Test results of different proportions of lime and sodium carbonate
石灰：碳酸钠/（g/t）
pH值名称 产率/% 品位/% 回收率/% Cu Pb Zn Cu Pb Zn 2500:0
pH值=7～8精矿 17.63 4.19 10.08 4.39 58.63 78.32 68.51 尾矿 82.37 0.63 0.60 0.43 41.37 21.68 31.49 原矿 100.00 1.26 2.27 1.13 100.00 100.00 100.00 1500:500
pH值=7～8精矿 15.32 4.89 12.00 5.11 60.47 81.35 68.73 尾矿 84.68 0.58 0.50 0.42 39.53 18.65 31.27 原矿 100.00 1.24 2.26 1.14 100.00 100.00 100.00 1000:1000
pH值=7～8精矿 14.63 5.28 12.65 5.47 61.75 82.64 68.97 尾矿 85.37 0.56 0.46 0.42 38.25 17.36 31.03 原矿 100.00 1.25 2.24 1.16 100.00 100.00 100.00 0:2500
pH值=7～8精矿 12.63 5.85 14.70 6.23 60.08 82.53 68.42 尾矿 87.37 0.56 0.45 0.42 39.92 17.47 31.58 原矿 100.00 1.23 2.25 1.15 100.00 100.00 100.00
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表 3 硫化剂对比实验结果
Table 3. Comparison test results of curing agent
硫化剂/（g/t） 产品名称 产率/% 品位/% 回收率/% Cu Pb Zn Cu Pb Zn 硫化钠：800 精矿 17.93 4.08 9.96 4.43 59.03 79.02 69.11 尾矿 82.07 0.62 0.58 0.43 40.97 20.98 30.89 原矿 100.00 1.24 2.26 1.15 100.00 100.00 100.00 JM-1：400 精矿 16.23 4.81 11.36 4.83 62.47 81.95 68.83 尾矿 83.77 0.56 0.48 0.42 37.53 18.05 31.17 原矿 100.00 1.25 2.25 1.14 100.00 100.00 100.00
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表 4 JM-1用量实验结果
Table 4. JM-1 dosage test results
JM-1用量/（g/t） 产品名称 产率/% 品位/% 回收率/% Cu Pb Zn Cu Pb Zn 200 精矿 14.93 5.03 11.88 5.20 60.13 78.51 67.45 尾矿 85.07 0.59 0.57 0.44 39.87 21.49 32.55 原矿 100.00 1.25 2.26 1.15 100.00 100.00 100.00 400 精矿 16.23 4.81 11.36 4.83 62.47 81.95 68.83 尾矿 83.77 0.56 0.48 0.42 37.53 18.05 31.17 原矿 100.00 1.25 2.25 1.14 100.00 100.00 100.00 600 精矿 17.23 4.55 10.67 4.68 62.75 82.04 68.97 尾矿 82.77 0.56 0.49 0.44 37.25 17.96 31.03 原矿 100.00 1.25 2.24 1.17 100.00 100.00 100.00 800 精矿 17.33 4.48 10.66 4.56 63.08 82.13 68.68 尾矿 82.67 0.55 0.49 0.44 36.92 17.87 31.32 原矿 100.00 1.23 2.25 1.15 100.00 100.00 100.00
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表 5 捕收剂对比实验结果
Table 5. Comparison test results of collectors
捕收剂种类及用量
/（g/t）产品名称 产率/% 品位/% 回收率/% Cu Pb Zn Cu Pb Zn 丁基黄药+丁铵黑药（120+60） 精矿 16.23 4.81 11.36 4.83 62.47 81.95 68.83 尾矿 83.77 0.56 0.48 0.42 37.53 18.05 31.17 原矿 100.00 1.25 2.25 1.14 100.00 100.00 100.00 ZJ-1：120 精矿 13.93 5.66 13.39 5.72 63.13 82.56 69.29 尾矿 86.07 0.54 0.46 0.41 36.87 17.44 30.71 原矿 100.00 1.25 2.26 1.15 100.00 100.00 100.00
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表 6 ZJ-1用量实验结果
Table 6. ZJ-1 dosage test results
ZJ-1用量/(g/t) 产品名称 产率/% 品位/% 回收率/% Cu Pb Zn Cu Pb Zn 80 精矿 11.93 6.51 15.60 6.63 61.13 81.65 69.39 尾矿 88.07 0.56 0.48 0.40 38.87 18.35 30.61 原矿 100.00 1.27 2.28 1.14 100.00 100.00 100.00 120 精矿 13.93 5.66 13.39 5.72 63.13 82.56 69.29 尾矿 86.07 0.54 0.46 0.41 36.87 17.44 30.71 原矿 100.00 1.25 2.26 1.15 100.00 100.00 100.00 160 精矿 17.23 4.62 10.72 4.68 63.22 82.09 68.97 尾矿 82.77 0.56 0.49 0.44 36.78 17.91 31.03 原矿 100.00 1.26 2.25 1.17 100.00 100.00 100.00 200 精矿 17.58 4.42 10.51 4.60 63.17 82.13 69.67 尾矿 82.42 0.55 0.49 0.43 36.83 17.87 30.33 原矿 100.00 1.23 2.25 1.16 100.00 100.00 100.00
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表 7 浮选工艺对比实验结果
Table 7. Comparison test results of flotation process
工艺
流程产品名称 产率/% 品位/% 回收率/% Cu Pb Zn Cu Pb Zn 氧硫
混选精矿 16.23 4.66 11.08 4.91 60.53 79.55 69.33 中矿 2.03 0.76 4.46 0.87 1.23 4.01 1.54 尾矿 81.74 0.58 0.45 0.41 38.24 16.44 29.13 原矿 100.00 1.25 2.26 1.15 100.00 100.00 100.00 先硫
后氧精矿 14.23 5.29 12.46 5.65 61.16 78.83 68.68 中矿 2.59 1.53 5.57 1.06 3.23 6.41 2.35 尾矿 83.18 0.53 0.40 0.41 35.61 14.76 28.97 原矿 100.00 1.23 2.25 1.17 100.00 100.00 100.00
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表 8 “先硫后氧”混合浮选实验结果
Table 8. Mixed flotation test results of "sulfur first and oxygen then"
产品名称 产率/% 品位/% 回收率/% Cu Pb Zn Cu Pb Zn 精矿 4.64 11.65 28.68 13.48 42.58 59.40 55.37 中矿1 1.43 3.30 9.99 6.78 3.72 6.38 8.58 中矿2 3.21 3.21 7.24 1.69 8.12 10.38 4.81 中矿3 6.93 1.74 2.29 0.43 9.50 7.08 2.66 中矿4 1.79 1.87 4.39 1.07 2.63 3.51 1.70 中矿5 0.89 1.81 3.88 1.07 1.27 1.54 0.84 尾矿 80.55 0.50 0.31 0.36 31.47 11.23 25.64 原矿 100.00 1.27 2.24 1.13 100.00 100.00 100.00
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表 9 闭路浮选实验结果
Table 9. Closed circuit flotation test results
产品名称 产率/% 品位/% 回收率/% Cu Pb Zn Au* Ag* Cu Pb Zn Au Ag 精矿 6.43 11.60 28.61 12.56 1.65 350.08 58.74 80.71 70.82 40.75 39.64 尾矿 93.57 0.56 0.47 0.36 0.16 36.61 41.26 19.29 29.18 59.25 60.36 原矿 100.00 1.27 2.28 1.14 0.26 56.76 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 *单位为g/t
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