Improvement of Acidic Yellow Soil by Wollastonite- sodium Silicate- biochar Composites
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摘要:
以硅灰石为基体材料，添加一定量的油菜秸秆与硅酸钠，高温煅烧制备硅灰石-硅酸钠-生物炭的复合材料（Ca-Si-C），并应用于酸性黄壤的改良。复合材料的较佳制备条件为硅灰石∶油菜杆∶硅酸钠的质量比为7∶1∶2、在600 ℃马弗炉煅烧1.5 h。XRD、IR、SEM表征结果表明，Ca-Si-C复合材料表面负载有生物炭，孔隙多，且含较多的-OH、C≡C、-COOH、C-O等官能团。施加2%的Ca-Si-C到pH值为4.7的黄壤，相比于对照，土壤的初始pH值增加1.4个单位；酸害容量增加了11.5 mmol/kg；土壤中钠、钾的溶出量增大；钙、镁、铝的溶出量降低；土壤酸缓冲曲线与铝离子溶出曲线交点由pH值 3.5增大至4.1。Ca-Si-C应用于酸性土壤改良，具有良好的应用前景。
Abstract:Wollastonite-sodium silicate-biochar composite material (Ca-Si-C) was prepared by calcination with wollastonite as the matrix material and adding a certain amount of rape straw and sodium silicate. And then the Ca-Si-C was applied to the improvement of acidic yellow soil. The optimum preparation conditions of the composite materials is as follows∶ the mass ratio of wollastonite, rape rod, sodium silicate is 7∶1∶2, the mixture calcines in 600 ℃and muffle furnace for 1.5 h. The results of XRD, IR and SEM show that Ca-Si-C composite loaded with biochar has more surface pores and contains functional groups such as -OH, C≡C, -COOH and C-O. When 2% Ca-Si-C is applied to yellow soil with pH value 4.7, the initial pH value of the soil increases by 1.4 units compared with the control, and the acid damage capacity increases by 11.5 mmol/kg, the dissolution of sodium and potassium in soil increases, the dissolution of calcium, magnesium and aluminum decreases, the intersection point of soil acid buffer curve and aluminum ion dissolution curve increases from pH value 3.5 to 4.1. The Ca-Si-C has a good application prospect in acid soil improvement.
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Key words:
- Wollastonite /
- Acid soil /
- Acid damage capacity /
- Base cations /
- Soil improvement
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表 1 供试土壤机械组成
Table 1. Mechanical composition of the tested soil
项目 粘粒 粉粒 砂粒 粒度/mm -0.005 -0.01+0.005 -0.05+0.01 -0.075+0.01 -0.25+0.075 -0.5+0.25 -1.0+0.5 含量/% 43.10 11.10 28.80 5.60 9.40 0.90 1.10 
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表 2 供试土壤主要化学组成/%
Table 2. Main chemical composition of the tested soil
Fe2O3 SiO2 Al2O3 K2O MnO Na2O CaO MgO 2.71 50.37 14.23 16.15 0.017 0.19 0.14 0.47
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