响应曲面法优化微波干燥赤泥工艺

郑雪梅; 冉茂康; 罗登丽; 马爱元

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2025.01.023

响应曲面法优化微波干燥赤泥工艺

六盘水师范学院化学与材料工程学院，贵州省煤炭洁净利用重点实验室，贵州　六盘水　553004

基金项目: 贵州省教育厅项目（黔教技[2024]157号，黔教技[2024]152号）；六盘水市科技局科技发展项目（52020-2023-0-2-6，52020-2024-0-2-8）；六盘水师范学院科学研究（培育）项目（LPSSY2023KJYBPY06）；六盘水师范学院重点学科建设项目（LPSSYZDXK202001）；贵州省煤炭洁净利用重点实验室（黔科合平台人才[2020]2001）

详细信息

作者简介: 郑雪梅（1987-），女，在读博士，副教授，研究方向为工业固体废弃物资源化

通讯作者: 马爱元（1988-），男，博士，教授，主要研究方向为冶金固体废弃物资源综合利用。

中图分类号: TF813

收稿日期: 2022-04-06

刊出日期: 2025-02-25

Optimization Study on the Microwave Drying of Red Mud Using Response Surface Methodology

School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Utilization, Liupanshui 553004, Guizhou, China

More Information

Corresponding author: MA Aiyuan, may_kmust11@163.com

Received Date: 06 April 2022

Publish Date: 25 February 2025

摘要

摘要:
赤泥作为一种铝生产工业废弃物，有价金属元素种类丰富，具有较高的综合利用价值。论文开展了微波清洁干燥赤泥实验研究，考查了微波功率、物料量对赤泥温升行为的影响，表明赤泥升温速率与微波功率成正比，与物料量成反比；在单因素实验基础上，进行了响应曲面法优化实验研究，分别考查了微波功率、物料量和干燥时间对赤泥脱水率的影响，建立了各因素与脱水率之间的数学模型，获得了微波清洁干燥赤泥响应曲面优化工艺参数：控制微波干燥温度为100 ℃，微波功率为700 W，物料量为50 g，干燥时间为12 min时，赤泥的脱水率为97.95%，与模型预测值（98.58%）较为接近。研究结果为赤泥的资源化利用奠定了一定实验基础。
- 赤泥 /
- 微波干燥 /
- 脱水率 /
- 响应曲面
Abstract:
As a kind of industrial waste from aluminum production, red mud is rich in valuable metal elements and has high comprehensive utilization value. The effects of microwave power and material amount on the temperature rise behavior of red mud were investigated. The results show that the heating rate of red mud is directly proportional to the microwave power and inversely proportional to material amount. Based on the single factor experiment, the optimization experiment of response surface method was carried out. The effects of microwave power, material amount and drying time on the dehydration rate of red mud were investigated respectively. The mathematical model between each factor and dehydration rate was established, and the optimization process parameters of response surface of microwave clean drying red mud were obtained: Control of microwave drying temperature was 100 ℃, microwave power was 700 W, material quantity was 50 g, drying time was 12 min, dehydration rate of red mud was 97.95%, and the model prediction was similar (98.58%). The results laid a certain experimental foundation for the resource utilization of red mud.
- Red mud /
- Microwave drying /
- Dehydration rate /
- Response Surface

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图 1 赤泥样品XRD

Figure 1.

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图 2 微波功率(a)和物料量(b)对赤泥温升行为的影响

Figure 2.

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图 3 微波功率(a)和物料量(b)对赤泥脱水率的影响

Figure 3.

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图 4 脱水率实测值与预测值对比

Figure 4.

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图 5 微波功率、时间、物料量相互作用对赤泥脱水率的影响

Figure 5.

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表 1 赤泥的多元素化学成分/%

Table 1. Chemical composition of the sample

Na₂O	MnO	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	P₂O₅	K₂O	CaO	TiO₂	S	Fe₂O₃
0.304	0.069 7	10.1	11.3	0.295	2.62	26.2	6.02	0.906	41.1

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表 2 响应曲面法因素水平编码

Table 2. Response surface method factor level coding

因素		水平
因素	-1	0	1
微波功率X₁ /W	300	700	1 100
物料量X₂/ g	40	50	60
干燥时间X₃/min	6	12	18

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表 3 中心组合实验设计方案与实验结果

Table 3. Test design scheme and results

序号		影响因素		脱水率/%
序号	微波功率X₁/W	物料量X₂/g	干燥时间X₃/min	脱水率/%
1	300.00	40.00	6.00	48.81
2	1 100.00	40.00	6.00	86.86
3	300.00	60.00	6.00	34.19
4	1 100.00	60.00	6.00	93.55
5	300.00	40.00	18.00	90.17
6	1 100.00	40.00	18.00	93.48
7	300.00	60.00	18.00	94.58
8	1 100.00	60.00	18.00	95.26
9	27.28	50.00	12.00	4.00
10	1 372.72	50.00	12.00	98.69
11	700.00	33.18	12.00	93.55
12	700.00	66.82	12.00	92.17
13	700.00	50.00	1.91	34.41
14	700.00	50.00	22.09	98.87
15	700.00	50.00	12.00	98.61
16	700.00	50.00	12.00	98.61
17	700.00	50.00	12.00	98.61
18	700.00	50.00	12.00	98.61
19	700.00	50.00	12.00	98.61
20	700.00	50.00	12.00	98.61

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表 4 响应设计的模型拟合性分析

Table 4. Model fit analysis of response design

时序模型的平方和
来源	平方和	自由度	均方差	F	Prob>F	评估
平均与总和	1.445×10⁵	1	1.445×10⁵
线性与平均	5 774.96	3	1 924.99	8.93	0.001 0
2FI与线性	1 244.60	3	414.87	2.45	0.110 1
二次方与2FI	2 131.09	3	710.36	99.37	<0.000 1	建议的
二次方与二次方	69.68	4	17.42	58.03	<0.000 1
残差	1.80	6	0.30
总和	1.537×10⁵	20	7 685.85

模型概率统计
来源	标准		校正R²	预测R²	预测残差平方和	评估
来源	偏差	R²	校正R²	预测R²	预测残差平方和	评估
线性型	14.68	0.626 2	0.556 1	0.396 7	5 563.53
交互型	13.02	0.761 2	0.650 9	0.424 1	5 310.86
二次方型	2.67	0.992 2	0.985 3	0.933 5	613.51	建议的

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表 5 响应面二次模型的方差分析

Table 5. Variance analysis of response surface quadratic model

方差来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	Prob > F
Model	9 150.65	9	1 016.74	142.23	<0.000 1
X₁	2 798.17	1	2 798.17	391.43	<0.000 1
X₂	0.065	1	0.065	9.034×10^-3	0.926 2
X₃	2 976.72	1	2 976.72	416.40	<0.000 1
X₁X₂	23.39	1	23.39	3.27	0.100 6
X₁X₃	1 210.81	1	1 210.81	169.38	<0.000 1
X₂X₃	10.40	1	10.40	1.45	0.255 6
X₁₂	1 213.71	1	1 213.71	169.78	<0.000 1
X₂₂	50.63	1	50.63	7.08	0.023 8
X₃₂	1 127.84	1	1 127.84	157.77	<0.000 1
残差	71.49	10	7.15
失拟项	71.49	5	14.30
纯差	0.000	5	0.000
总误差	9 222.14	19

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表 6 回归模型优化工艺参数

Table 6. Optimization process parameters of regression model

微波功率/ W	物料量/ g	干燥温度/ ℃	干燥时间/ min	脱水率 /%
微波功率/ W	物料量/ g	干燥温度/ ℃	干燥时间/ min	预测值	实验值
700	50	100	12	98.58	97.95

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