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摘要:
二次铝灰中的氮化铝遇水会释放出氨气，因此氮化铝对环境产生严重安全威胁，而脱氮是实现二次铝灰无害化与资源化的重要途径。本文探索了二次铝灰脱氮工艺，研究了反应温度、反应时间、液固比对二次铝灰脱氮率的影响，并考查了铝的资源化回收效果。结果表明：在反应温度80～95 ℃，反应时间3～5 h，液固比（4～12）∶1的条件下，二次铝灰可达到较好脱氮效果，较大脱氮率为97.5%。从工艺成本、处理效率等角度综合考虑，推荐的脱氮条件为：反应温度80 ℃、反应时间3 h、液固比为6∶1，此时铝损失率从5%下降至0.29%。本脱氮工艺成本低，脱氮效率高，且可以进一步减少铝资源的损失，提高铝资源的再利用率。
Abstract:The aluminum nitride in the secondary aluminum (Al) dross release ammonia gas when it contacts with water. Therefore, the aluminum nitride poses a serious security threat to the environment. Denitrification is an important way to realize the harmless and resource utilization of secondary aluminum ash. A denitrification process of secondary Al ash was developed in this study. The influences of reaction temperature, reaction time, liquid-solid ratio on the denitrification ratio of secondary Al ash were explored, and the recycling rate of aluminum was also investigated.The results showed that satisfactory denitrification results can be achieved by keeping reaction temperature at 80～95 °C for 3～5 h, and controlled liquid-solid ratio at (4～12):1, the maximum denitrification ratio can reach 97.5%. Considered cost and treatment efficiency, the recommended denitrification parameters were 80 °C, 3 h and liquid-solid ratio of 6:1, and the aluminum loss rate decreased from 5% to 0.29% at these conditions. The denitrification process developed in this study has demonstrated its advantages in lower cost and higher efficiency, and it can further reduce the loss of aluminum resources to improve its reutilization.
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Key words:
- Secondary Al ash /
- Denitrification /
- Loss rate /
- Aluminum recovery
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表 1 二次铝灰化学组成/%
Table 1. Chemical composition of secondary Al ash
Al Mg Na SiO2 Ca Fe K N Cl F 14.16 1.87 2.32 1.96 0.15 0.124 1.92 3.90 3.10 0.38 
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表 2 不同液固反应终点pH值
Table 2. End point pH value of reaction with different liquid-solid ratio
液固比 4 6 8 10 12 pH值 10.11 10.02 9.74 9.32 9.13
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表 3 脱氮后液铝回收实验
Table 3. Test of recovering aluminum from liquid after denitrification
铝回收实验 平行1 平行2 平行3 回收前铝浓度/(mg/L) 591.46 590.73 590.51 回收后铝浓度/(mg/L) 76.08 75.43 76.62
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