球磨活化滑石处理含镍废水

刘宇墨; 纳瑜; 刘春琦; 操金林; 赵通林; 李钊

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2025.02.007

球磨活化滑石处理含镍废水

辽宁科技大学矿业工程学院，辽宁　鞍山　114051

基金项目: 辽宁省自然科学基金（2020-BS-224）；辽宁省教育厅基金（2020LNQN13）；辽宁科技大学优秀人才基金项目（2019RC03）；兴辽英才科技创新领军人才项目（XLYC2002028）；辽宁科技大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目（202210146012）

详细信息

作者简介: 刘宇墨（2000-），女，本科，研究方向为矿物加工工程

通讯作者: 李钊（1991-），男，副教授，博士，硕士研究生导师，研究方向为矿物加工工程

中图分类号: TD982

收稿日期: 2022-04-20

刊出日期: 2025-04-25

Ball-milling of Talc for Disposing Ni²⁺ Contaminated Sewage

School of Mining Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, Liaoning, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LI Zhao, lizhao@ustl.edu.cn

Received Date: 20 April 2022

Publish Date: 25 April 2025

摘要

摘要:
为实现对水中重金属镍离子的有效固定与去除，同时回收镍金属二次资源，本研究以天然滑石矿物为原料，通过简单的机械力球磨手段对其进行活化，实现了水中镍离子的高效固定。本文系统研究了球磨强度、滑石投加量和重金属初始浓度等因素对镍离子固定效果的影响，同时通过对反应前后固体试样进行XRD、FTIR、SEM-EDS等表征，明确了滑石固定镍离子的反应机制。结果表明，球磨活化对滑石沉淀重金属能力具有显著提升效果。主要的反应机制在于，球磨活化导致滑石晶体结构缺陷，OH^-和Mg²⁺自其结构中大量溶出，且相互促进，OH^-与溶液中的Ni²⁺反应生成非晶态的Ni(OH)₂沉淀负载于滑石矿物表面，相比于简单吸附过程具备更效率，在球磨转速500 r/min、初始镍（Ni²⁺）浓度1 000 mg/L条件下，镍离子固定量达到198 mg/g，是未处理的滑石矿物原料的10倍。本研究为重金属污染防治和二次资源回收以及滑石矿产资源的综合利用提供了新的思路，对我国资源高效利用和环境净化具有一定的借鉴意义。
- 滑石 /
- 球磨活化 /
- 化学沉淀 /
- 镍离子 /
- 二次资源回收
Abstract:
In order to achieve the efficient removal of heavy metal nickel ions in water and simultaneously recover nickel secondary resources, the natural talc mineral was modified by simple ball-milling process and directly applied for the purification of nickel-containing wastewater. The influence of activation intensity, talc dosage and initial concentration of nickel solution on the precipitation efficiency of nickel ions was systematically studied. The samples before and after reaction were tested by XRD, FTIR and SEM-EDS to clarify the mechanism of interaction between talc and nickel ions. The results demonstrated that the precipitation capacity of talc on heavy metals was significantly enhanced after ball-milling. Ball-milling of talc induced the collapse of crystal structure, with the dissolution of OH^-/Mg²⁺ from the talc structure, facilitating the interaction between OH^- and Ni²⁺ in solution to form amorphous Ni(OH)₂ precipitation on talc surface, which worked as the main mechanism for nickel fixation by ball-milled talc. This achieved a maximum precipitation capacity of nickel ions up to 198 mg/g at the conditions of milling speed at 500 r/min and the initial Ni²⁺ concentration of 1 000 mg/L, which was 10 times that of the pristine talc. This study provided a novel concept for the heavy metal pollution prevention and recovery of secondary metal resource, as well as the comprehensive utilization of talc minerals, which can possibly be a reference for the efficient utilization of resources and environmental purification.
- Talc /
- Ball-milling /
- Chemical precipitation /
- Nickel ion /
- Secondary resource recovery

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图 1 滑石原料XRD

Figure 1.

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图 2 机械力球磨活化强度对滑石去除镍离子效果的影响

Figure 2.

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图 3 机械力球磨活化滑石的用量对镍离子去除效果的影响

Figure 3.

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图 4 溶液初始浓度对镍离子去除效果的影响

Figure 4.

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图 5 镍盐种类对滑石去除镍离子效果的影响

Figure 5.

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图 6 不同球磨转速条件下活化后滑石的XRD

Figure 6.

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图 7 机械力球磨后滑石去除镍离子反应前后溶液中Mg²⁺浓度及pH值的变化

Figure 7.

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图 8 500 r/min活化滑石处理不同浓度硫酸镍溶液后固体残渣XRD

Figure 8.

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图 9 500 r/min活化滑石处理1 000 mg/L硫酸镍溶液前后FTIR

Figure 9.

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图 10 活化滑石处理硫酸镍溶液后固体残渣在不同温度下焙烧后的XRD

Figure 10.

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图 11 机械力球磨活化滑石沉淀镍离子前后的SEM-EDS

Figure 11.

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表 1 滑石原料多元素分析结果/%

Table 1. Results of multi-element analysis of talc raw materials

MgO Al₂O₃ CaO MoO₃ SrO Cl BaO SiO₂ P₂O₅ TiO₂ Fe₂O₃ SO₃ K₂O

32.09 0.392 1.87 0.006 0.006 8 0.051 1.75 61.23 0.018 0.022 0.966 7 1.58 0.008

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