Distribution and Evolution of OPS from Proterozoic to Early Paleozoic in the Cathaysian Orogen
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摘要: 本文按洋板块地层理论与方法，系统收集和梳理了华夏造山系元古宙-早古生代与洋壳生成扩张和俯冲消亡遗存的洋壳残块和洋盆建造(称之为洋板块地层)共96 处，均有测年和岩石地球化学分析数据控制，主要包括洋脊、洋岛和洋内弧3 类洋壳的火成岩建造，以及海山、远洋深海和海沟3 类洋盆内的沉积建造。本文还对洋盆汇聚俯冲的直接产物-陆缘弧和叠加在裂离地块上的火山弧建造(非洋板块地层)系统收集梳理了85 处，其中59 处有测年和岩石地球化学分析数据控制，26 处无测年与地球化学分析，但有实测剖面控制。笔者对上述181 处中的39 处进行了野外实地考察和相关样品采集与分析。在上述所获大量资料的基础上，本文主要以图解形式展示了华夏造山系元古宙-早古生代主要洋板块地层分布与构造演化历程。横向上将华夏造山系划分为江绍-郴州-钦防对接带（主要含陈蔡-龙游、神政桥-神山、鹰扬关和糯垌4 个含蛇绿岩残块增生楔，以及绍兴-兰溪增生弧和钦防残余洋盆）、武夷-赣州多岛弧盆系（主要含罗霄弧、赣州弧间盆地、北武夷弧和南武夷弧以及南平-宁化构造混杂岩带）和东南沿海多岛弧盆系（主要含龙泉-政和-大埔、贵子-石窝2 个含蛇绿岩残块增生楔，以及伴生的云开地块-弧、粤南弧-弧背盆地和东南沿海地块）；纵向上据洋板块地层和相关火山弧时空分布，从老至新划分出华夏造山系（华南洋）的7 个构造演化阶段：(1)约1800~1200 Ma，洋盆拉张形成期；(2)约1200~820 Ma，洋盆扩张与汇聚转换期；(3) 约820~635 Ma洋盆汇聚俯冲、弧-弧和弧-陆增生峰期；(4)约635~541 Ma洋盆汇聚与扩张转换期；(5)约541~458 Ma洋盆扩张期；(6)约458~443 Ma洋盆汇聚俯冲、弧-陆增生峰期；(7)约443~420 Ma洋盆关闭与陆-陆碰撞、残留洋（海）期。Abstract: The theory and method of Ocean Plate Stratigraphy (abbreviated as OPS) is used for the reconstruction of the Cathaysia Orogen evolution during the Proterozoic to the Early Paleozoic in this study. This paper systematically collects 96 records of oceanic crust renmant or OPS (including igneous rock series of ocean ridge, ocean island and intra-oceanic arc, and depositional sequences of seamount, pelagic setting and trench). The records were dated and studied in geochemistry. Thirteen of the 96 records are investigated in our field work and sampled. This study also collects 85 non-OPS records on the setting of ocean convergence including continental marginal arc and volcanic arc superimposed on the rifted block. Fifty nine of the 85 records were dated and studied in geochemistry. Other 26 of them were not dated, but is described and sampled in our fieldwork. Based on the systematic collection of dating and geochemistry study, this paper mainly reveals the distribution of OPS and tectonic evolution of the Cathaysia Orogen in the Proterozoic to the Early Paleozoic. The Cathaysian Orogen spatially could be divided into the Jiangshao-Chenzhou-Qinfang major suture zone, Wuyi-Ganzhou multi-island arc-basin system and the Southeast Coast multi-island arc-basin system. The Jiangshao-Chenzhou-Qinfang major suture zone mainly involved to the Chencai-Longyou, Shenzhengqiao-Shenshan, Yingyangguan and Nuodong accreiontary wedges with ophiolite renmants, as well as the Shaoxing-Lanxi accretionary arc and Qinfang residual ocean basin. The Wuyi-Ganzhou multi-island arc-basin system mainly went through the Luoxiao arc, Ganzhou interarc basin, North Wuyi arc, South Wuyi arc, and the Nanping-Ninghua tectonic melange belt. The Southeast Coast multi-island arc-basin system involved to the Longquan-Zhenghe-Dapu and Guizi-Shiwo accretionary wedges with ophiolite renmant, as well as the Yunkai arc, southern Guangdong arc-back basin and southeast coastal massifs. According to the spatial and temporary distributions of OPS and volcanic arcs, the evolution of the Cathaysian Orogen could be divided into seven stages: (1)1800-1200 Ma, extension and formation of ocean basin; (2)1200-820 Ma, convergence of ocean basin；(3)820-635 Ma, subduction of ocean basin and accretion of arcs; (4)635-541 Ma, a transitional stage from convergence to expansion of ocean basin; (5)541-458 Ma, expansion of ocean basin; (6) 458-443 Ma, ocean subduction and accretion of arcs with continents; (7)443-420 Ma, residual stage of ocean basin.
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Key words:
- Ocean Plate Stratigraphy /
- oceanic crust renmant /
- volcanic arc /
- Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic /
- Cathaysia Orogen /
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