A method for 3D modeling of urban buildings based on multi-source data integration
-
摘要: 建筑物是城市的载体和形象表达,是城市的重要组成部分,建筑物三维模型是构建数字城市、虚拟城市和智慧城市的重要基础。针对现有的建筑物三维建模方法成本高、操作繁琐和复杂、劳动强度大的缺陷,提出一种基于多源数据集成的城市建筑物三维建模方法,并借助GIS建模技术实现了城市建筑物三维模型的自动构建。其主要原理和操作步骤为: 首先,以高分辨率卫星遥感影像、建筑物轮廓电子地图和全景影像为数据源,在遥感和GIS系统集成平台下,通过数据集成和预处理,提取出建筑物的几何边界、高度、楼层数和屋顶类型等空间信息和属性信息; 其次,提出基于结构实体几何模型的建模物主体结构建模方案,借助GIS建模技术,组合数据处理、文件转换、空间分析、三维分析和脚本程序等多种ArcToolbox工具,通过设计模型实现了建筑物三维模型的自动构建; 然后,通过纹理贴图技术实现模型的可视化; 最后,选择淮阴师范学院北校区实验区域进行建模实证。通过对建模过程和可视化效果进行分析表明,该方法具有实现成本低、操作简单、自动化程度高的特点,并且构建的模型能满足较高的精度要求,具有较好的可视化效果,可为大规模城市建筑物三维建模与可视化提供可靠的技术解决方案。Abstract: Buildings are important urban components because they serve as the carrier and represent the image of a city. Establishing the 3D models of buildings is a critical base for constructing digital, virtual, and smart cities. However, existing 3D modeling methods of buildings suffer the shortcomings such as high cost, tedious and complex operations, and high labor intensity. Given this, this study proposed a method for 3D modeling of urban buildings based on multi-source data integration. Meanwhile, this study achieved the automatic construction of the 3D models of buildings using the GIS modeling technology. The main principles and operations of the modeling method are as follows. First, high-resolution satellite remote sensing images, electronic maps of building contours, and panoramic images were integrated and preprocessed on a remote sensing and GIS integration platform to extract buildings’ spatial and attribute information such as geometric boundaries, height, floor number, and roof type. Next, this study proposed a scheme for modeling the main structures of buildings based on the constructive solid geometry (CSG) method. Then, the automatic construction of the 3D models of buildings was achieved using the GIS modeling technology, as well as multiple tools in the ArctoolBox window, such as combined data processing, file conversion, spatial analysis, 3D analysis, and scripts and programs. Afterward, the 3D models of buildings were visualized using the texture mapping technology. Finally, the north campus of Huaiyin Normal University was selected to verify the modeling method proposed in this study. As indicated by the analysis of modeling process and visualization effects, the modeling method proposed in this study is characterized by low cost, simple operations, and high automatic degree and can meet the high requirements of accuracy. Meanwhile, this method has great visualization effects and can provide reliable technical solutions for the 3D modeling and visualization of large-scale urban buildings.
-
Key words:
- urban buildings /
- 3D modeling /
- multi-source data integration /
- remote sensing image /
- electronic map /
- panoramic image /
- GIS modeling
-
-
[1] 刘晓艳, 林晖, 张宏. 虚拟城市建设原理与方法[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2003.[1] Liu X Y, Lin H, Zhang H. Prinaples and methods of virtual city construction[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2003.[2] 万刚, 陈刚, 游雄. 虚拟城市中地物几何建模技术的研究[J]. 测绘学报, 2002, 31(1):60-65.[2] Wan G, Chen G, You X. Research on geometry modeling of terrain features in virtual city[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2002, 31(1):60-65.[3] 毛健, 苏笛. 地理场景三维可视化系统的关键问题研究[J]. 城市勘测, 2012(4):9-11.[3] Mao J, Su D. Key issues of the geographical scene visualization system[J]. Urban Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying, 2012(4):9-11.[4] 周国清, 黄煜, 岳涛, 等. 基于纹理数据和SCSG-BR表示的城市建筑物混合建模[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018, 20(4):543-551. [4] Zhou G Q, Huang Y, Yue T, et al. Hybrid modeling for urban buildings based on textures and SCSG-BRs representation[J]. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 2018, 20(4):543-551.[5] 缪永伟, 汪逊, 陈佳舟, 等. 基于单幅图像成像一致性的组合式建筑交互建模[J]. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2018, 30(11):2001-2010.[5] Miao Y W, Wang X, Chen J Z, et al. Single image based interactive modeling for modular architectures using imaging consistency[J]. Journal of Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics, 2018, 30(11):2001-2010. [6] 朱曙光, 何宽, 周建郑. 徕卡三维激光扫描系统在建筑物精细建模中的应用[J]. 测绘通报, 2018(2):154-156.[6] Zhu S G, He K, Zhou J Z. Research on the application of Leica 3D laser scanning system in the fine modeling of buildings[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2018(2):154-156.[7] 任诚, 高利敏, 冯耀楼, 等. 基于无人机倾斜摄影的建筑物三维建模尝试[J]. 测绘通报, 2019(2):161-164.[7] Ren C, Gao L M, Feng Y L, et al. An attempt of building 3D modeling based on UAV tilt photography[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2019(2):161-164.[8] 朱庆伟, 马宇佼. 基于三维激光扫描仪的建筑物建模应用研究[J]. 地理与地理信息科学, 2014, 30(6):31-35.[8] Zhu Q W, Ma Y J. Application and research of building modeling based on 3D laser scanner[J]. Geography and Geo -Information Science, 2014, 30(6):31-35.[9] 李乐林, 江万寿. 基于等高线族分析的LiDAR点云建筑物模型自动识别及重建[J]. 测绘通报, 2013(10):23-25,29.[9] Li L L, Jiang W S. Automatic recognition and reconstruction of building roof models with LiDAR cloud points based on contours clustering[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2013(10):23-25,29.[10] 何原荣, 郑渊茂, 潘火平, 等. 基于点云数据的复杂建筑体真三维建模与应用[J]. 遥感技术与应用, 2016, 31(6):1091-1099.[10] He Y R, Zheng Y M, Pan H P, et al. Real three-dimensional modeling and application of complex construction based on the point cloud data[J]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2016, 31(6):1091-1099.[11] 王田磊, 袁进军, 王建锋. 三维激光扫描技术在建筑物三维建模可视化中的应用[J]. 测绘通报, 2012(9):44-47.[11] Wang T L, Yuan J J, Wang J F. The application of TLS technology in the 3D visualization modeling[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2012(9):44-47.[12] 史文中, 曹辉, 张剑清. 基于高分辨率影像的城市三维建模[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2004, 29(9):783-786.[12] Shi W Z, Cao H, Zhang J Q. 3D urban building modeling based on high resolution satellite images[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2004, 29(9):783-786.[13] 杨玲, 张剑清. 基于模型的航空影像矩形建筑物半自动建模[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2008, 44(33):10-12.[13] Yang L, Zhang J Q. Model-based semi-automated building reconstruction from aerial images[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2008, 44(33):10-12.[14] 王建强, 钟春惺, 江丽钧, 等. 基于多视航空影像的城市三维建模方法[J]. 测绘科学, 2014, 39(3):70-74.[14] Wang J Q, Zhong C X, Jiang L J, et al. 3D city modeling construction based on multi-view aerial images[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2014, 39(3):70-74.[15] 杨玲. 基于广义点摄影测量的建筑物三维建模[J]. 测绘科学, 2014, 39(4):83-87.[15] Yang L. Buildings reconstruction based on generalized point photogrammetry[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2014, 39(4):83-87.[16] 隋铭明, 魏雅男, 程思, 等. 基于跨平面单像量测的建筑物三维建模方法[J]. 地理与地理信息科学, 2013, 29(6):6-9.[16] Sui M M, Wei Y N, Cheng S, et al. A method of establishing 3D model of buildings based on single image measurement across multiple planes[J]. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 2013, 29(6):6-9.[17] 薛梅. 一种基于形状方法的建筑物三维建模新方法[J]. 地理与地理信息科学, 2012, 28(6):31-34.[17] Xue M. A shape grammar based method for 3D building modeling[J]. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 2012, 28(6):31-34.[18] 艾海滨, 董友强, 王庆栋, 等. 基于语义的倾斜影像单体建模技术研究[J]. 测绘科学, 2019, 44(6):151-158.[18] Ai H B, Dong Y Q, Wang Q D, et al. Study of semantic modeling framework-based method for 3D building reconstruction using oblique aerial images[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2019, 44(6):151-158.[19] 程亮, 龚健雅, 李满春, 等. 集成多视航空影像与LiDAR数据重建3维建筑物模型[J]. 测绘学报, 2009, 38(6):494-501.[19] Cheng L, Gong J Y, Li M C, et al. 3D building model reconstruction from multi-view aerial images and LiDAR data[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2009, 38(6):494-501.[20] 张晖, 刘超, 李妍, 等. 基于CityEngine的建筑物三维建模技术研究[J]. 测绘通报, 2014(11):108-112.[20] Zhang H, Liu C, Li Y, et al. Research on 3D building modeling technology based on CityEngine[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2014(11):108-112.[21] 路春燕, 卫海燕, 李吉英. IMAGIS在城市三维建模中的应用——以滨州市会展中心为例[J]. 测绘科学, 2011, 36(6):270-272.[21] Lu C Y, Wei H Y, Li J Y. IMAGIS application in city three-dimensional modeling:Taking Binzhou convention and exhibition center as the example[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2011, 36(6):270-272.[22] 程朋根, 李志荣, 聂运菊. 城中村批量快速三维建模方法研究及实现[J]. 测绘科学, 2019, 44(4):48-54.[22] Cheng P G, Li Z R, Nie Y J. Research and implementation of batch rapid 3D modeling method for urban village[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2019, 44(4):48-54.[23] 许捍卫, 范小虎, 任家勇, 等. 基于SketchUp和ArcGIS的城市三维可视化研究[J]. 测绘通报, 2010(3):52-54.[23] Xu H W, Fan X H, Ren J Y, et al. Research on 3D visualization of digital city based on SketchUp and ArcGIS[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2010(3):52-54.[24] 许捍卫, 房晓亮, 任家勇, 等. 基于SketchUp的城市三维建模技术[J]. 测绘科学, 2011, 36(1):213-214,189.[24] Xu H W, Fang X L, Ren J Y, et al. 3D modeling technique of digital city based on SketchUp[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2011, 36(1):213-214,189.[25] 詹总谦, 李一挥, 桂鑫源. 倾斜摄影测量与SketchUp二次开发技术相结合的建筑三维重建[J]. 测绘通报, 2017(5):71-74.[25] Zhan Z Q, Li Y H, Gui X Y. Building reconstruction based on oblique photogrammetry and SketchUp secondary development[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2017(5):71-74.[26] 任诚, 高利敏, 冯耀楼, 等. 基于无人机倾斜摄影的建筑物三维建模尝试[J]. 测绘通报, 2019(2):161-164.[26] Ren C, Gao L M, Feng Y L, et al. An attempt of building 3D modeling based on UAV tilt photography[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2019(2):161-164.[27] 余忠迪, 李辉, 巴芳, 等. 基于消费者级无人机的城市三维建模[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2018, 30(2):67-72.doi: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2008.02.09. [27] Yu Z D, Li H, Ba F, et al. 3D city model construction based on a consumer-grade UAV[J]. Remote Sensing for Land and Resources, 2018, 30(2):67-72.doi: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2008.02.09. [28] 汪雅, 曾志. 一种近景倾斜摄影的三维建模盲区自动修复技术[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2021, 33(1):72-77.doi: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2020172. [28] Wang Y, Zeng Z. An automatic repairing technology of 3D model for blind area in oblique photography based on close range image[J]. Remote Sensing for Land and Resources, 2021, 33(1):72-77.doi: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2020172. [29] 张军海, 李仁杰, 傅学庆, 等. 地理信息系统原理与实践(第二版)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2015.[29] Zhang J H, Li R J, Fu X Q, et al. Principles and practices of geographic information system(2nd edition)[M]. Beijing: Sciences Press, 2015.[30] 王树臻, 郑国强, 王光生, 等. 多源点云数据融合的建筑物精细化建模[J]. 测绘通报, 2020(8):28-32,38.[30] Wang S Z, Zheng G Q, Wang G S, et al. Building fine modeling based on multi-source point cloud data fusion[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2020(8):28-32,38.[31] 孙松梅, 黄天进, 孙颖. 城市高精度实景三维单体模型建设及应用[J]. 测绘通报, 2021(1):108-111.
[31] Sun S M, Huang T J, Sun Y. Construction and application of high-precision three-dimensional monomerization model for urban scenes[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2021(1):108-111.
-
计量
- 文章访问数: 1972
- PDF下载数: 124
- 施引文献: 0
下载: