Remote sensing-based identification and potential evaluation of the mineralization elements of calcrete-hosted uranium deposits in Saudi Arabia
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摘要: 为研究沙特阿拉伯地区钙结岩型铀矿成矿要素识别及潜力评价,以中沙铀矿勘查项目中的钙结岩型铀矿勘查为例,利用ASTER等卫星遥感数据和数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)数据,采取目视判别、水文分析和主成分分析等方法,应用辅助铀源评价、补-径-排体系划分和含矿母岩识别等技术,对比分析了3个钙结岩区铀成矿条件。结果显示,片区2的铀源和补-径-排等铀成矿条件最完善,片区1缺乏良好的沉积盆地作为排泄区,片区3缺乏良好的铀源。研究表明: 补-径-排体系的完整性对钙结岩型铀矿的成矿作用至关重要,缺一不可,且优质的铀源和沉积环境利于形成大规模的钙结岩型铀矿; 铀元素富集累积时间的长短直接影响钙结岩型铀矿的规模大小; 沙特阿拉伯研究区内钙结岩型铀矿成矿的有利沉积环境为周边有大片铀源的蒸发型湖(干盐湖)相沉积。研究结果可为在类似地区寻找钙结岩型铀矿提供重要参考。Abstract: This study aims at the identification and potential evaluation of the mineralization elements of calcrete-hosted uranium deposits in Saudi Arabia through the exploration of calcrete-hosted uranium deposits in the uranium exploration project of China and Saudi Arabia. Based on satellite (ASTER) remote sensing data and DEM data, the uranium metallogenic conditions of three calcrete areas were compared and analyzed using methods including visual discrimination, hydrological analysis, and principal component analysis and techniques including uranium source evaluation, source-pathway-trap system division, and ore-bearing rock identification. The results show that Area 2 has the most complete uranium metallogenic conditions in terms of uranium source and source-pathway-trap conditions, Area 1 lacks a good sedimentary basin as a drainage area, and Area 3 lacks a good uranium source. Accordingly, the following conclusions were drawn. The integrity of the source-pathway-trap system is crucial and indispensable for the metallogenesis of calcrete-hosted uranium deposits. Moreover, high-quality uranium sources and sedimentary environments are conducive to the formation of large-scale calcrete-hosted uranium deposits. The duration of uranium enrichment and accumulation directly affects the scale of calcrete-hosted uranium deposits. The favorable sedimentary environment for calcrete-hosted uranium deposits is an evaporative lake (playa) with large uranium sources in the study areas of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study can guide the exploration of calcrete-hosted uranium deposits in similar areas.
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