Remote sensing monitoring and impact intensity assessment of human activities in Henan national nature reserves
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摘要: 为了客观、及时、准确掌握人类活动对保护区生态系统的影响,及时评估和发现管理保护中存在的问题,以河南省国家级自然保护区为例,采用2016—2018年国产高分遥感数据,提取2016年保护区的土地覆盖类型及2016—2018年人类活动,应用转移矩阵查清保护区新增人类活动的来源、变化类型、分布格局及其时空转化情况,分析不同类型保护区的人类活动变化特点,利用人类活动影响强度指数评价人类活动对保护区的影响程度和变化规律。结果显示: ①2016年河南省保护区普遍存在人类活动,主要包括农业用地和城镇村庄用地,主要分布于内陆湿地和古生物遗迹型保护区; ②2016—2018年期间,新增人类活动主要集中于内陆湿地型保护区,其主要来源于农业用地、林地、草地和湿地的转化; ③2016—2018年期间,保护区人类活动影响强度指数介于0.045~4.735之间,人类活动对森林生态、内陆湿地、野生动物和古生物遗迹等类型保护区的影响程度分别为轻微、明显、一般和严重。利用遥感技术和影响强度评价模型可准确查清保护区人类活动的空间分布状况、类型、强度及其动态变化等特点,对科学评估和提升保护区的管理具有重要的指导意义。
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关键词:
- 人类活动 /
- 遥感监测 /
- 影响强度评价 /
- 国家级自然自然保护区 /
- 河南省
Abstract: This study aims to determine the impacts of human activities on the ecosystems of Henan national nature reserves in an objective, timely, and accurate manner, so that problems existent in management and protection can be identified and evaluated in time. Based on Chinese high-resolution remote sensing images from 2016 to 2018, this study extracted data on land cover types of national nature reserves in 2016 and human activities in 2016, 2017, and 2018. Then, the source, change type, distribution pattern, and temporal-spatial transformation of new human activities in the reserves were ascertained using the transition matrix. Furthermore, the changing characteristics of human activities in different types of reserves were analyzed. Finally, the impact degree and change patterns of human activities on the reserves were evaluated using the impact intensity index of human activities. The results are as follows. Human activities dominated by agricultural land and residential areas were widespread in Henan national nature reserves in 2016. They were mainly distributed in inland wetlands and paleontological relic reserves. From 2016 to 2018, new human activities were mainly distributed in inland wetland reserves, which were mainly transformed from agricultural land, forest land, grassland, and wetland. From 2016 to 2018, the human activities in the reserves had an impact intensity index range of 0.045~4.735. The impact degrees of human activities on reserves of forest ecological type, inland wetland type, wildlife type, and Paleozoic relic type were slight, significant, general, and severe, respectively. Therefore, the spatial distribution, types, intensity, and dynamic changes of human activities in the reserves can be accurately identified using the remote sensing technology and the impact intensity assessment model. This study can be used as an important guide for scientific assessment and improvement of the management of the reserves. -
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