摘要:
自然保护区是人类保护生物多样性、改善生态环境质量的有效手段,但频繁的人类活动威胁了保护区的生态系统质量和稳定性。为了研究遥感手段评价保护区人类活动影响,以海南省东寨港、铜鼓岭、三亚珊瑚礁和大洲岛4个国家级海洋自然保护区为研究区,以2016—2020年覆盖研究区的高空间分辨率遥感影像为数据源,通过影像预处理、建立分类体系和解译标志、人机交互解译等,获取保护区内人工与自然因子转变信息。通过收集地形、气象等数据,综合考虑人类活动特征和区域生态敏感性等因素,选择地形、气象、用地类型3类11个评价因子建立人类活动影响评价指标体系,采用层次分析法建立评价模型对保护区内人类活动影响程度进行评价分级,得到严重影响区、中度影响区、轻度影响区、无影响区的分布结果,对结果进行分析得出遥感监测与评价结论。结果表明,2016—2020年间,东寨港自然保护区人类活动扰动较大,但有逐渐减少的趋势,严重、中度影响区分布在北部北港岛,轻度影响区分布在保护区边缘地带,均为村庄建设活动侵占林地; 铜鼓岭自然保护区虽有人类活动扰动,但整体保护较好,严重、中度影响区分别位于东部石头公园、北部铜鼓岭景区,主要为旅游、交通设施建设侵占林地,轻度影响区位于西部淇水湾沿岸,主要为房地产开发侵占林地; 三亚珊瑚礁自然保护区人类活动扰动强烈,但有逐年减少的趋势,鹿回头半岛—榆林角片区人类活动影响剧烈,旺盛的旅游地产开发损毁大量林地,轻度影响区位于西瑁洲片区,岛屿北部居民区建设造成林地损毁; 大洲岛自然保护区内未发现有人类活动造成的地表覆盖变化。研究结果可为海南省国家级海洋自然保护区的治理和保护提供科学依据。
Abstract:
Nature Reserves are effective means to protect biodiversity and improve the ecological environment. However, frequent human activities have threatened the ecosystem quality and stability of them. In order to study the use of remote sensing means to monitor and evaluate of human activities influence in the protected area, Dongzhaigang, Tongguling, Sanya Coral Reef and Dazhou Island National Marine Nature Reserves in Hainan Provinces were taken as research areas, and the high spatial resolution remote sensing images from 2016 to 2020 were adopted, to obtain the transformation information of artificial and natural factors through image reprocessing, classification system and interpretation signs establishment, human-computer interpretation and other steps. By collecting the topographic and meteorological data, considering the characteristics of human activity and ecological sensitivity of the local area, 11 evaluation factors including topographic, meteorological and land use types were selected to establish the evaluation index system. Analytic Hierarchy Process method was used to evaluate and grade the degree of human activity influence, and the distribution results of severely affected areas, moderately affected areas, mildly affected areas and non-affected areas were obtained. The results were analyzed and the conclusions can be drawn. The results show that from 2016 to 2020, in Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve, human disturbance is strong, but has a tendency to reduce. Severely and moderately affected areas are distributed in Beigang Island, north of the reserve and mildly affected areas are distributed in the edge of the protected area. Destructions in these areas are mainly caused by construction activities of the village. As to Tongguling Nature Reserve, even though it also has human disturbance, but the overall protection is good. Severely and moderately affected areas are mainly located in the rock park in the north and the Tongguling scenic spot in the east. It is mainly caused by the construction of tourism and transportation facilities. Mildly affected areas are located along the coast of Qishui Bay in the west, mainly caused by real estate development. Human activity disturbance in Sanya Coral Reef Nature Reserve is serious, but has a tendency to decrease. Severely affected areas are mainly located in Luhuitou Peninsula and Yulinjiao area, where vigorous development of tourism real estate destroy forests. Moderately affected areas are located in Ximao Island, mainly caused by the construction of residential areas in the north. No land cover changes caused by human activities are found in the Dazhou Island Nature Reserve. The results can provide a scientific basis for the management and protection of national Marine nature reserves in Hainan Province.
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